Tobacco – Ubinig

Conditions of women workers in Smokeless Tobacco factories in Bangladesh

5May

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Tobacco

Conditions of women workers in Smokeless Tobacco factories in Bangladesh

UBINIG Investigation by UBINIG (Policy Research for Development Alternative) Smokeless tobacco use in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, 20.6% of adult population (22 million) uses smokeless tobacco. The mostly used smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are Zarda, Gul and Sadapata. Overall among the 37.8 million tobacco users in the country, smokeless tobacco use is higher (20.6%) than smoking 18% [1]. Bangladesh ranks the third (after India & Nepal) highest smokeless tobacco use among 9 southeast and south Asian countries [2]. The Smoking and Tobacco Use (Control) Act. 2005, amended 2013 has included three smokeless tobacco products (Zarda, Gul and Sadapata) in the definition of tobacco products, bringing these under the purview of the law to regulate their use. Survey on Smoke...

Factors Inhibiting Payment of Taxes of Smokeless Tobacco Manufacturers Operating Outside the Tax Net in Bangladesh

17Apr

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Tobacco

Factors Inhibiting Payment of Taxes of Smokeless Tobacco Manufacturers Operating Outside the Tax Net in Bangladesh

UBINIG Final Report Executive Summary a. This study: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in Bangladesh is high, yet it is generally held that SLT manufacturing often occurs outside the tax net. This study examines SLT production, pricing and turnover for a sample of 88 SLT manufacturers operating outside the tax net and identifies factors perceived to contribute to non-payment of taxes by SLT manufacturers. b. Study methodology: The study incorporated a desk review of research literature on SLT manufacturing in Bangladesh and both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods; specifically, the NBR data on SLT manufacturers and their tax payment history, a survey of 88 SLT manufacturers operating outside the tax net, 15 key informant interviews (KIIs) and a ...

Factors Inhibiting Smokeless Tobacco Tax Payments by Smokeless Operating Outside the Tax Net in Bangladesh

7Apr

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Tobacco

Factors Inhibiting Smokeless Tobacco Tax Payments by Smokeless Operating Outside the Tax Net in Bangladesh

UBINIG Investigation conducted by UBINIG (Policy Research for Development Alternative) Smokeless Tobacco Use in Bangladesh Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is an addictive and deadly tobacco product that causes cancers of the oral cavity, pancreas, and esophagus and, for pregnant women, increases the risk of still births and premature delivery.1,2 Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of SLT use in the world3, 20.6% of adults (22 million people) and 4.5% of students (age 13–15 years old) consume SLT.4,5 SLT is a largely informal, unregulated, and under taxed product and manufacturing sector in Bangladesh. The UBINIG Study UBINIG conducted a study to better understand the production, tax payments, and tax compliance of SLT manufacturers in Bangladesh. The study includ...

29Sep

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Tobacco

‘MOTIHARI’ & SMOKELESS TOBACCO PRODUCTS

UBINIG Grown in Bangladesh in north Bengal (along the Teesta river banks) and other districts: 19960 acres (17%) of total cultivation. 12177 mt. tons (14%) of total tobacco leaf production. 12177 mt. tons (14%) of total tobacco leaf production. Motihari tobacco (Nicotiana-rustica), a Bangladeshi native variety, is cultivated for its chewing quality and high nicotine content. This tobacco nicotine content is highest (4.83-6.64 %) compared to other tobacco cultivated in Bangladesh. Nicotine content in leaf is influenced by various factors such as varieties, fertility status of soil and leaf composition [1] The leaves are heavy & round shaped, dark green coloured as raw leaves, dark blackish when dried. Sun-cured After harvesting Motihari tobacco leaves are dried uncov...

Smokeless Tobacco Products Business & Women

28Sep

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Tobacco

Smokeless Tobacco Products Business & Women

UBINIG UBINIG Factsheet 1 August 2020 Bangladesh has high consumption rate of smokeless or chewing tobacco. One in five (20.6%) of adult population (22 million) use smokeless tobacco such as Zarda, Gul, Khaini and Sadapata. Among adult women, tobacco use that is smokeless tobacco, is 24.8%, smoking rate is less than 1%. In contrast, use rate of smokeless tobacco among adult men is 16.2% while smoking is 36.2%. Overall among the 37.8 million tobacco users in the country, smokeless tobacco use is higher (20.6%) than smoking 18% (GATS, 2017). The Smoking and Tobacco Use (Control) Act. 2005, amended 2013 has included three smokeless tobacco products (Zarda, Gul and sadapata) in the definition of tobacco products, bringing these under law to regulate their use. Bangladesh rank...

Women as low paid and exploited labour in Tobacco production

26Sep

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Tobacco

Women as low paid and exploited labour in Tobacco production

Farida Akhter Equality of women in paid work has been a long demand of the women’s movement and is one of the primary focuses in the Sustainable Development Goal 5. The SDG 5, among the 17 goals, is about empowering women and promoting gender equality. Ending all forms of discrimination against women and girls is a basic human right; and also a pre-condition for achieving overall sustainable development. Like other countries, in Bangladesh, patriarchal social, economic and cultural factors contribute to the unequal and discriminatory position of women in the society; particularly reflected in the paid works. According to UNDP report, globally in the paid works outside of agriculture, women’s involvement has increased from 35% to 41%, i.e. only 14% increase from 1990 to 2000. With...

UBINIG-Tabinaj Investigation: 2017; Women users of Zarda in 19 districts

18Aug

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Tobacco

UBINIG-Tabinaj Investigation: 2017; Women users of Zarda in 19 districts

UBINIG/TABINAJ Betel quid or Paan-jarda use is a common practice among men and women in the rural and urban lower income groups. This is a socially accepted practice and unlike cigeratte or biri does not have any cultural barrier. Although it is an open practice, there is gap of information about the users, which becomes a constraint in developing any regulatory framework for reducing consumption under the provision of the existing tobacco control law as amended in 2013. So far the information available about users is from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 20091. In Bangladesh 43.3% of adults (41.3 million) currently use tobacco in smoking and/or smokeless form. Out of the total tobacco users 27.2% (25.9 million adults) currently (2009) use smokeless tobacco with 26.4% of men and ...

Ingredients in Smokeless Tobacco Products

27Jul

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Tobacco

Ingredients in Smokeless Tobacco Products

UBINIG/TABINAJ Tobacco product ingredients: UBINIG-Tabinaj, 2016 Ingredients in tobacco products are used to increase their attractiveness, addictiveness, and toxicity. Tobacco product ingredients are the substances, components, and raw materials that when put together make up a tobacco product ready to be used. The main ingredients of tobacco products are: the processed tobacco leaf and the substances intentionally added to increase the attractiveness of the product to the consumer. Among these are substances that enhance the palatability, the product’s colour and physical appearance as well as substances which may create the false impression that tobacco products have health benefits or increase energy and vitality. Ingredients, with the exception of water, that are added d...

Victims of Jarda, Sadapata and Gul: Case Study-based information on health hazards

4Feb

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Tobacco

Victims of Jarda, Sadapata and Gul: Case Study-based information on health hazards

UBINIG It is well-recognized fact through various public health research works, although insufficient, that smokeless tobacco consumption cause certain health hazards. Some smokeless tobacco products, such as Jarda and Sadapata are consumed with betel leaves, known as paan, along with lime and betel nut. This is an open and common practice among men and women. Another common smokeless tobacco is Gul, commonly used as an oral tobacco powder which is rubbed over the gum and teeth. Being a tobacco preparation, jarda, sadapata and gul are addictive in nature and cause harm to the users. As a public health concern, these are also included in the definition of tobacco products in the tobacco control law “Smoking and Tobacco Products Usage (Control) Act, 2005 (Amendment) 2013 and therefore i...

Tobacco ruins soil and water along Matamuhuri River, Bangladesh

11Dec

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Tobacco, Uncategorized

Tobacco ruins soil and water along Matamuhuri River, Bangladesh

Farida Akhter Tobacco cultivation in Bangladesh has always been river-based to exploit the fertile soil. Tobacco, mostly Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) and Barley variety, is a company sponsored crop grown since the last five decades. According to official data for 2016, tobacco is grown on 46,472 hectares of land, producing 87,628 tons of tobacco leaf. Bangladesh ranks 14th for area under tobacco, 12th for production in quantity, and has a share of 1.3% of global tobacco production (FAOSTAT 2018). Tobacco cultivation has been expanded in Bangladesh, not due to increased interest of the farmers, but to appropriate fertile lands, source of fuel woods and water accessible for the tobacco industry. Fertile soil condition is an important factor for quality tobacco leaf production. Briti...